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| United States Patent Application |
20090061153
|
| Kind Code
|
A1
|
|
De Luca; Nicholas P.
; et al.
|
March 5, 2009
|
Apparatus and Method for Manufacturing Foam Parts
Abstract
A method and machine for manufacturing foam parts are provided. The
method generally includes cutting a plurality of sections across the
width of the base sheet, engaging and reorienting at least one portion of
each section, and joining the portions of each section in a desired
configuration to thereby form a plurality of parts. The portions can be
engaged by actuator assemblies operating in successively adjacent work
spaces across the width of the base sheet to simultaneously produce a
plurality of similar parts. In some cases, each part includes at least
one portion that is reoriented relative to another portion, such as by
rotating one of the portions or adjusting one of the portions to a
position that is offset from the plane of the section.
| Inventors: |
De Luca; Nicholas P.; (Washington, DC)
; Perkins; Andrew B.; (Berkeley, CA)
|
| Correspondence Address:
|
ALSTON & BIRD LLP
BANK OF AMERICA PLAZA, 101 SOUTH TRYON STREET, SUITE 4000
CHARLOTTE
NC
28280-4000
US
|
| Assignee: |
Sealed Air Corporation (US)
|
| Family ID:
|
40122385
|
| Appl. No.:
|
11/846147
|
| Filed:
|
August 28, 2007 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
428/131 ; 29/281.1; 29/416; 29/468 |
| Current CPC Class: |
B26D 3/006 20130101; Y10T 29/49796 20150115; Y10T 29/5142 20150115; Y10T 29/49861 20150115; Y10T 428/24273 20150115; Y10T 156/17 20150115; Y10T 156/12 20150115; Y10T 156/1744 20150115; Y10T 29/5138 20150115; Y10T 29/53961 20150115; Y10T 29/5197 20150115; Y10T 29/49902 20150115 |
| Class at Publication: |
428/131 ; 29/281.1; 29/416; 29/468 |
| International Class: |
B25B 27/14 20060101 B25B027/14; B32B 3/10 20060101 B32B003/10 |
Claims
1. A method for manufacturing a plurality of similar foam parts, the
method comprising: providing a base sheet of foam, the base sheet
extending in a longitudinal direction and defining a width in a
transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; cutting
the base sheet to define a plurality of sections across the width of the
base sheet, each section including at least first and second portions for
manufacturing a respective one of the foam parts, the first and second
portions of each section being cut in a first configuration; engaging the
second portions in the first configuration with engagement tools such
that the second portion of each section is engaged by a respective one of
the engagement tools; with the second portion of each section engaged by
the respective engagement tool, automatically actuating the engagement
tools and thereby reorienting the second portion of each section relative
to the first portion such that the portions of each section are supported
in a desired configuration different from the first configuration; and
joining the first and second portions of each section in the desired
configuration to thereby form the plurality of parts.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein actuating the engagement tools
comprises actuating the engagement tools at the same time such that each
second portion is reoriented during the reorienting of the second
portions of the other sections.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein actuating the engagement tools
comprises actuating each of the engagement tools to move through a
similar motion.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein actuating the engagement tools
comprises maintaining the second portions substantially parallel.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein actuating the engagement tools
comprises rotating each of the second portions relative to the first
portion of the respective section to a nonparallel configuration relative
to the first portion and wherein joining the portions comprises joining
the portions of each section in the nonparallel configuration.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein actuating the engagement tools
comprises extending each tool through one of the sections with the tool
engaged to one of the second portions.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein cutting the base sheet comprises
cutting the sheet to define at least a third portion in each section and
repeating the engaging, actuating, and joining steps to engage the third
portion of each respective section, reorient the third portion relative
to the first portion of the respective section, and join the third
portion to at least one of the first and second portions in the desired
configuration.
8. A method according to claim 1 wherein cutting the base sheet comprises
cutting each section to define the second portion in an aperture of the
first portion, and wherein actuating the engagement tools comprises
removing the second portion of each section from the first portion to
thereby open the aperture in the first portion.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein actuating the engagement tools
comprises reorienting the second portion to the second configuration in
which the second portion is substantially parallel to the first portion
and offset from a plane defined by the first portion.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein cutting the base sheet
comprises cutting each section to define the second portion in an
aperture of the first portion, and wherein joining the portions comprises
joining the second portion in a telescopic configuration relative to the
first portion.
11. A method according to claim 10 wherein cutting the base sheet
comprises cutting the sheet to define at least a third portion in an
aperture of the second portion, and repeating the engaging, actuating,
and joining steps to engage the third portion of each respective section,
reorient the third portion relative to the first and second portions of
the respective section such that the third portion is substantially
parallel to the second portion and offset from a plane defined by the
second portion, and join the third portion to the second portion in a
telescopic configuration relative to the second portion.
12. A method according to claim 1 wherein said engaging step comprises
energizing an actuator and thereby rotating a helical pin in a first
direction such that the rotating helical pin is advanced into the second
portion to engage the second portion, and further comprising subsequently
rotating the helical pin in a second opposite direction such that the
rotating helical pin is retracted from the second portion.
13. A method according to claim 1 wherein said engaging step comprises
energizing an actuator and thereby advancing at least two pins in
nonparallel directions such that the pins are advanced into the second
portion to engage the second portion, and further comprising subsequently
retracting the pins from the second portion.
14. A method according to claim 1, further comprising, subsequent to
joining the first and second portions of each section: dispensing the
plurality of parts; adjusting the base sheet in the longitudinal
direction; and repeating the cutting, engaging, actuating, and joining
steps to form a second plurality of parts from the base sheet.
15. A method according to claim 1, further comprising: providing a
plurality of slits in at least one of the portions; subsequent to joining
the portions, expanding the portion defining the slits and thereby
opening the slits to define apertures.
16. A machine for manufacturing a plurality of similar foam parts, the
machine comprising: a support member configured to support a base sheet
of foam, the base sheet extending in a longitudinal direction and
defining a width in a transverse direction perpendicular to the
longitudinal direction; a cutting device configured to cut the base sheet
on the support member into a plurality of sections defined across the
width of the base sheet and cut each section into at least first and
second portions for manufacturing a respective one of the foam parts, the
cutting device configured to cut the first and second portions of each
section while the portions are disposed in a first configuration; a
plurality of engagement tools disposed across the width of the base
sheet, each tool configured to engage the second portion of a respective
one of the sections in the first configuration; a plurality of actuator
mechanisms, each actuator mechanism configured to adjust a respective one
of the engagement tools with the second portion of each section engaged
by the respective engagement tool to thereby reorienting the second
portion of each section relative to the first portion such that the
portions of each section are supported in a desired configuration
different from the first configuration; and a joining device configured
to join the first and second portions of each section in the desired
configuration to thereby form the plurality of parts.
17. A machine according to claim 16 wherein the actuator mechanisms are
configured to adjust the engagement tools at the same time such that each
second portion is reoriented during the reorienting of the second
portions of the other sections.
18. A machine according to claim 16 wherein the actuator mechanisms are
configured to adjust the engagement tools to move through similar
motions.
19. A machine according to claim 16 wherein the actuator mechanisms are
configured to adjust the engagement tools to maintain the second portions
substantially parallel while reorienting the second portions to the
desired configuration of each section.
20. A machine according to claim 16 wherein each actuator mechanism
comprises: a first member defining an end extending from a frame of the
machine; a second member adjustably connected to the end of the first
member and configured to be adjusted along a longitudinal direction
defined by the first and second members; and a head member connected to
the second member by two links, each link being rotatably connected to
the second member and the head member such that the head member is
configured to be rotated relative to the second member about an axis
perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the members, wherein the
engagement tool is adjustably mounted to the head member.
21. A machine according to claim 20 wherein at least one of the first and
second members defines a rotary joint such that the head member is
configured to rotate about a longitudinal axis of the members.
22. A machine according to claim 20 wherein the axis perpendicular to the
longitudinal direction of the members about which the head member is
configured to rotate is offset from a longitudinal axis defined by the
members such that the engagement tool is configured to be disposed
substantially along the longitudinal axis when the head member is rotated
about the axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction to each of two
perpendicular positions of the head member.
23. A machine according to claim 16, further comprising a mandrel
defining first and second surfaces corresponding to the first and second
portions of each section in the second configuration, the first and
second surfaces being parallel and offset in different planes.
24. A machine according to claim 16 wherein the actuator mechanisms are
spaced transversely along the width of the base sheet and the support
member in successive work areas along the width of the base sheet and the
support member such that each actuator mechanism is configured to rotate
the respective engagement tool within a respective one of the work area.
25. A machine according to claim 16 wherein each engagement tool
comprises a helical pin, and each actuator mechanism comprises an
actuator configured to rotate the pin in a first direction and thereby
advance the pin into a respective second portion to engage the second
portion and to rotate the pin in a second opposite direction and thereby
retract the pin from the respective second portion.
26. A machine according to claim 16 wherein each engagement tool
comprises at least two pins, and each actuator mechanism comprises an
actuator configured to advance the pins in nonparallel directions such
that the pins are advanced into a respective second portion to engage the
second portion and to retract the pins from the second portion.
27. A machine according to claim 16, further comprising a feed mechanism
configured to adjust the base sheet in the longitudinal direction toward
the engagement tools.
28. A mechanism for engaging and reorienting a foam portion, the
mechanism comprising: a first member extending along a longitudinal
direction; a second member adjustably connected to an end of the first
member and configured to be adjusted relative to the first member in the
longitudinal direction; first and second links rotatably connected to the
second member; a head member rotatably connected to each of the first and
second links such that the head member is configured to be rotated
relative to the second member about an axis perpendicular to the
longitudinal direction; and an engagement tool adjustably mounted to the
head member, the engagement tool configured to be advanced into the foam
portion to engage the foam portion and retracted from the foam portion to
disengage the foam portion.
29. A mechanism according to claim 28 wherein at least one of the first
and second members defines a rotary joint such that the head member is
configured to rotate about a longitudinal axis of the members.
30. A mechanism according to claim 28 wherein the axis perpendicular to
the longitudinal direction of the members about which the head member is
configured to rotate is offset from a longitudinal axis defined by the
members such that the engagement tool is configured to be disposed
substantially along the longitudinal axis when the head member is rotated
about the axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction to each of two
perpendicular positions of the head member.
31. A mechanism according to claim 28 wherein the engagement tool
comprises a helical pin, and the mechanism further comprises an actuator
configured to rotate the pin in a first direction and thereby advance the
pin into the foam portion and to rotate the pin in a second opposite
direction and thereby retract the pin from the foam portion.
32. A mechanism according to claim 28 wherein the engagement tool
comprises at least two pins, and mechanism further comprises an actuator
configured to advance the pins in nonparallel directions such that the
pins are advanced into the foam portion and to retract the pins from the
foam portion.
33. A method of engaging and reorienting a foam portion, the method
comprising: disposing a head member proximate to the foam portion, the
head member extending from at least a first member, and at least one pin
being adjustably mounted to the head; advancing the at least one pin into
the foam portion to engage the foam portion to the head; rotating the
head member relative to the first member to adjust the foam member to a
desired position; and retracting the pin from the foam portion to thereby
disengage the foam portion.
34. A method according to claim 33, further comprising adjusting the
position of the head member by adjusting a second member relative to the
first member along a longitudinal direction of the first member, the head
member being connected to the first member via the second member.
35. A method according to claim 34, further comprising rotating the head
member about an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the first
member by adjusting a rotary joint defined by at least one of the
members.
36. A method according to claim 33, wherein rotating the head member
comprises rotating first and second links, each link rotatably connected
to the head member and the at least first member, such that the head
member is rotated about an axis perpendicular to a longitudinal direction
of the first member.
37. A method according to claim 36 wherein rotating the head member
comprises rotating the head member about an axis perpendicular to the
longitudinal direction of the at least first member and offset from a
longitudinal axis defined by the at least first member such that the
engagement tool is configured to be disposed substantially along the
longitudinal axis when the head is rotated about the axis perpendicular
to the longitudinal direction to each of two perpendicular positions of
the head member.
38. A method according to claim 33 wherein advancing the at least one pin
comprises rotating a helical pin in a first direction and thereby
advancing the pin into the foam portion, and wherein retracting the pin
comprises rotating the pin in a second opposite direction and thereby
retracting the pin from the foam portion.
39. A method according to claim 33 wherein advancing the at least one pin
comprises advancing at least two pins from the head member in nonparallel
directions such that the pins are advanced into the foam portion.
40. A method according to claim 33, further comprising: providing a
section of a foam base sheet, the foam portion being cut from the sheet;
and with the head member engaged to the foam portion, extending the head
member through the sheet, wherein the rotating of the head member is
performed with the head member extended through the sheet.
41. A method for manufacturing a foam part, the method comprising:
cutting a base sheet to define at least first and second portions in a
first configuration, the second portion in the first configuration being
defined in an aperture of the first portion such that the first portion
at least partially defines a perimeter of the second portion; reorienting
the second portion relative to the first portion to a second
configuration such that the second portion is offset from a plane defined
by the first portion; and joining the first and second portions in the
second configuration.
42. A method according to claim 41 wherein joining the portions comprises
joining the portions with the second portion disposed parallel to the
first portion.
43. A method according to claim 41 wherein joining the portions comprises
joining the portions with the second portion disposed at least partially
in the aperture of the first portion in the second configuration.
44. A method according to claim 41 wherein reorienting the second portion
comprises adjusting the second portion only in a direction perpendicular
to the plane defined by the first portion.
45. A method according to claim 41 wherein cutting the base sheet
comprises cutting the sheet to define a third portion, the third portion
in the first configuration being defined in an aperture of the second
portion such that the second portion at least partially defines a
perimeter of the third portion, and further comprising: reorienting the
third portion relative to the second portion such that the third portion
is substantially parallel to the second portion and offset from a plane
defined by the second portion in the second configuration; and joining
the second and third portions in the second configuration.
46. A method according to claim 41 wherein reorienting the second portion
comprises disposing the portions of the base sheet in the first
configuration against a mandrel, the mandrel first and second surfaces
corresponding to the first and second portions, the first and second
surfaces being parallel and offset in different planes.
47. A method according to claim 41 wherein joining the portions in the
second configuration comprises joining the portions in a telescopic shape
such that the part is nestable with another identical part.
48. A method according to claim 41 wherein cutting the base sheet
comprises cutting a polygonal shape defining the perimeter of the second
portion such that the first portion defines the entire perimeter of the
second portion.
49. A method according to claim 41 wherein cutting the base sheet
comprises cutting a plurality of second portions in the base sheet, each
second portion being defined in a respective aperture of the first
portion such that the first portion at least partially defines a
perimeter of each second portion, wherein reorienting the second portion
comprises reorienting each of the second portions relative to the first
portion to the second configuration such that the second portions are
substantially parallel to the first portion and each second portion is
coplanar with the other second portions, and wherein joining the portions
comprises joining each of the second portions to the first portion in the
second configuration.
50. A method according to claim 41, further comprising determining an
area of the second portion according to a desired shock absorption
characteristic of the part.
51. A method according to claim 41, further comprising: providing a
plurality of slits in at least one of the portions; subsequent to joining
the portions, expanding the portion defining the slits and thereby
opening the slits to define apertures.
52. A foam part comprising: a first portion defining a first plane and
defining an aperture; and at least one second portion joined to the first
portion, the second portion having an outer perimeter corresponding in
size and position to the aperture of the first portion, and the second
portion being offset from a plane defined by the first portion.
53. A foam part according to claim 52 wherein the first and second
portions are parallel.
54. A foam part according to claim 52 wherein the second portion is
disposed at least partially in the aperture of the first portion.
55. A foam part according to claim 52, further comprising a third portion
joined to the second portion, the third portion having an outer perimeter
corresponding in size and position to an aperture of the second portion,
and the third portion being offset from a plane defined by the second
portion.
56. A foam part according to claim 52 wherein the part defines a contour
on a first side that corresponds to a contour on an opposite second side
such that the part is nestable with another identical part.
57. A foam part according to claim 52 wherein the first portion defines
the entire perimeter of the second portion.
58. A foam part according to claim 52 wherein the part defines a
plurality of the second portions, each second portion joined to the first
portion, having an outer perimeter corresponding in size and position to
a respective aperture of the first portion, and being offset from the
plane defined by the first portion.
59. A foam part according to claim 52 wherein at least one of the
portions defines a plurality of slits such that the portion defining the
slits is structured to be expanded.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention generally relates to a system and method for
automatically forming foam parts from a base sheet of material.
[0002] Foam inserts or cushions are commonly used to protect packaged
goods. For example, a laptop computer or other consumer device can be
packaged in a cardboard box for protection during storing, delivery, and
the like. The box chosen for packaging the device typically defines an
interior space that is larger than the dimensions of the device. In some
cases, the extra space can be filled with foam peanuts, air filled bags,
or other cushioning materials that can be arranged according to the
dimensions of the box and the space that results around the packaged
device in the box. However, in other cases, the device requires the use
of foam inserts or cushions that can support the device in a particular
position in the box, prevent movement of the device in the box, and/or
provide particular cushioning characteristics. For example, a laptop
computer is commonly packaged using foam inserts such as end caps. The
end caps can be specially designed to correspond to the shape of the
device so that the end caps can be fitted on the opposite ends of the
device. In this way, the device can be supported or braced in the box and
protected. In the example of the laptop computer, each end cap can define
an inner surface that defines a cavity for receiving one of the opposite
ends of the computer. The inner surface of the end cap is designed to
correspond to the shape of the computer, and the outer surface of the end
cap is designed to correspond to the shape of the box. Thus, when the
computer is fitted between the end caps in the box, the end caps can
support the computer in a particular position and prevent movement of the
computer within the box. Any shocks to the box are transmitted to the
computer by way of the end caps, which provide a cushioning effect to
dampen the shocks and protect the computer. A variety of end caps and
other foam inserts are known and commonly used in such applications.
[0003] Foam inserts often require a complex, three-dimensional shape in
order to properly correspond to the products being packaged. These shapes
are typically achieved by cutting polyethylene foam sheets to form
different shapes of foam pieces that are then reoriented in a stacked
configuration to build up the desired three-dimensional shape. While the
foam sheets can be cut by machine, the assembly of the foam pieces is
conventionally performed manually. In other words, a worker organizes the
cut pieces of foam by hand, then joins the pieces, typically using an
adhesive or heat, e.g., by heating the contacting surfaces with a hair
dryer and pressing the pieces together by hand. This manual process,
which is typically relatively disorganized and requires multiple
successive operations for organizing and assembling the cut pieces, is
labor intensive and limited in speed and quality by the speed and ability
of the worker.
[0004] Foam inserts can also be manufactured using an automated method,
such as is described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
2006/0127648, in which the insert is formed by stacking a plurality of
sheets. In that case, the thickness of the insert is determined by the
number of stacked sheets, and thick inserts generally require the use of
much foam. For example, if one-inch thick foam is to be used to form an
insert with a thickness of six inches, six layers of the foam are
stacked. In addition, the cutting of holes in the various sheets results
in wasted scrap material.
[0005] Thus, there exists a continued need for improved methods and
machines for forming parts, such as end caps and other foam inserts. The
method should be capable of being automated and capable of being used to
form multiple inserts at a time. Further, the method should reduce the
amount of material used and/or the amount of scrap produced.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention provides a method and machine for
manufacturing a plurality of similar foam parts that each include a
plurality of portions joined in a desired configuration. The parts can be
formed by an automatic method in a machine that produces a plurality of
similar parts at a time. The machine can form the parts from sections of
a base sheet of foam that are successively adjacent along the width
and/or length of the sheet, e.g., with one or more actuator mechanisms
that operate in close proximity to one another. The reorientation of the
portions can include rotating one or more portions out of the plane of
the base sheet, or adjusting one or more portions to offset positions
parallel to the plane of the respective section. The method and machine
can reduce the cost and time required for producing the parts and, in
some cases, the amount of scrap material can be reduced, e.g., by
reorienting material in each part to a desired configuration.
[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method
includes providing a base sheet of foam that extends in a longitudinal
direction and defines a width in a transverse direction perpendicular to
the longitudinal direction. The base sheet is cut to define a plurality
of sections across the width and/or length of the base sheet. Each
section includes at least first and second portions for manufacturing a
respective one of the foam parts, e.g., so that each second portion is
defined in an aperture of the first portion. The first and second
portions of each section are cut in a first configuration, typically a
planar configuration while supported by a support member. The second
portions are engaged in the first configuration with engagement tools so
that the second portion of each section is engaged by a respective one of
the engagement tools. For example, an actuator can be energized to
thereby rotate a helical pin in a first direction so that the rotating
helical pin is advanced into the second portion to engage the second
portion, or an actuator can be energized to thereby advance at least two
pins in nonparallel directions so that the pins are advanced into the
second portion to engage the second portion. With the second portion of
each section engaged by the respective engagement tool, the engagement
tools can be automatically actuated to thereby reorient the second
portion of each section relative to the first portion so that the
portions of each section are supported in a second, desired
configuration, which is different from the first configuration. The
engagement tools can be disengaged from the second portions, e.g., by
retracting the pins from the second portion or by rotating each helical
pin in an opposite direction so that the rotating helical pin is
retracted from the second portion.
[0008] The engagement tools for each section across the width of the sheet
can be actuated at the same time so that each second portion is
reoriented during the reorienting of the second portions of the other
sections. In some cases, each of the engagement tools is actuated to move
through a similar motion, e.g., so that the portions of the different
sections that are being reoriented are maintained substantially parallel
to one another. The second portion of each respective section can be
rotated relative to the first portion of the respective section, e.g., to
a configuration that is nonparallel relative to the first portion of the
respective section, or the second portion can be reoriented to a second
configuration in which the second portion is substantially parallel to
the first portion and offset from a plane defined by the first portion.
In some cases, each of the engagement tools is extended through one of
the sections with the tool engaged to one of the second portions, e.g.,
to reorient the second portion while the actuator mechanism extends
through the section. The first and second portions of each section are
joined in the desired configuration to thereby form the plurality of
parts. In some cases, the base sheet is cut to define at least three
portions in each section, and the engaging, actuating, and joining steps
are repeated to thereby engage the third portion of each respective
section, reorient the third portion relative to the first portion of the
respective section, and join the third portion to at least one of the
first and second portions in the desired configuration. Thereafter, the
plurality of parts can be dispensed, the base sheet can be fed or
adjusted in the longitudinal direction, and the cutting, engaging,
actuating, and joining operations can be repeated to form another
plurality of parts from the base sheet.
[0009] According to one aspect of the invention, each section is cut to
define the second portion in an aperture of the first portion, and the
second portion of each section is joined in a telescopic configuration
relative to the first portion. Each section of the base sheet can be cut
to define a third portion in an aperture of the second portion, and the
engaging, actuating, and joining steps can be repeated to engage the
third portion of each respective section, reorient the third portion
relative to the first and second portions of the respective section such
that the third portion is substantially parallel to the second portion
and offset from a plane defined by the second portion, and join the third
portion to the second portion in a telescopic configuration relative to
the second portion. In some embodiments, a plurality of slits are
provided in one or more of the portions, and each portion defining the
slits can be expanded to thereby open the slits to define apertures,
e.g., after the portions are joined to form the part.
[0010] One machine according to the present invention includes a support
member that is configured to support a base sheet of foam, which extends
in a longitudinal direction and defines a width in a transverse direction
perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. A cutting device of the
machine is configured to cut the base sheet into a plurality of sections
defined across the width of the base sheet and cut each section into at
least first and second portions for manufacturing a respective one of the
foam parts. The cutting device is configured to cut the first and second
portions of each section while the portions are disposed in a first
configuration, typically while the sections are disposed on the support
member in a flat configuration. A plurality of engagement tools are
disposed across the width of the base sheet, and each tool is configured
to engage the second portion of a respective one of the sections in the
first configuration. Each of a plurality of actuator mechanisms is
configured to adjust a respective one of the engagement tools with the
second portion of each section engaged by the respective engagement tool
to thereby reorienting the second portion of each section relative to the
first portion so that the portions of each section are supported in a
second, desired configuration that is different from the first
configuration. A joining device of the machine is configured to join the
first and second portions of each section in the desired configuration to
thereby form the plurality of parts. A feed mechanism can be configured
to adjust the base sheet in the longitudinal direction toward the
engagement tools.
[0011] The actuator mechanisms can be configured to adjust the engagement
tools at the same time so that each second portion is reoriented during
the reorienting of the second portions of the other sections. The
actuator mechanisms can also be configured to adjust the engagement tools
to move through similar motions, such as to maintain the second portions
substantially parallel while reorienting the second portions to the
desired configuration of each section. In some cases, the actuator
mechanisms are spaced transversely along the width of the base sheet and
the support member in successive work areas along the width of the base
sheet and the support member such that each actuator mechanism is
configured to rotate the respective engagement tool within a respective
one of the work area.
[0012] According to one embodiment, each actuator mechanism includes a
first member defining an end extending from a frame of the machine, and a
second member that is adjustably connected to the end of the first member
and configured to be adjusted along a longitudinal direction defined by
the first and second members. A head member is connected to the second
member by two links. Each link is rotatably connected to the second
member and the head member so that the head member is configured to be
rotated relative to the second member about an axis perpendicular to the
longitudinal direction of the members. The engagement tool is adjustably
mounted to the head member. The links can be configured so that the axis
perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the members about which
the head member is configured to rotate is offset from a longitudinal
axis defined by the first and second members and so that the engagement
tool is configured to be disposed substantially along the longitudinal
axis when the head member is rotated about the axis perpendicular to the
longitudinal direction to each of two perpendicular positions of the head
member. One or both of the members can also define a rotary joint so that
the head member is configured to rotate about a longitudinal axis of the
members.
[0013] Each engagement tool can include one or more helical pins, and each
actuator mechanism can include an actuator that is configured to rotate
the helical pin in a first direction to thereby advance the pin into a
respective second portion to engage the second portion. The actuator can
also rotate the pin in a second, opposite direction to thereby retract
the pin from the respective second portion. Alternatively, the engagement
tool can include at least two pins, such as two straight diverging pins,
that are configured to be adjusted in nonparallel directions. That is,
each actuator mechanism can include an actuator that is configured to
advance the pins in nonparallel directions such that the pins are
advanced into a respective second portion to engage the second portion
and to retract the pins from the second portion. Vacuum suction cups may
also be used to hold portions or parts instead of or in addition to using
pins.
[0014] In some embodiments, the machine can include a mandrel that defines
first and second surfaces corresponding to the first and second portions
of each section in the second, desired configuration of the finished
part. The first and second surfaces can be parallel and offset in
different planes.
[0015] The actuator mechanisms can engage and reorient the foam portions.
According to one method, a head member of each mechanism is disposed
proximate to one of the foam portions. The head member extends from at
least a first member, and at least one pin is adjustably mounted to the
head. The pin is advanced into the foam portion to engage the foam
portion to the head, e.g., by rotating a helical pin in a first direction
to advance the pin into the foam portion or advancing two or more pins
from the head member in nonparallel directions into the foam portion. The
head member is then rotated relative to the first member to adjust the
foam member to a desired position, and the pin is retracted from the foam
portion to thereby disengage the foam portion. For example, the head
member can be connected to the first member via a second member, and the
position of the head member can be adjusted by adjusting the second
member relative to the first member along a longitudinal direction of the
first member. The head member can also be rotated about an axis parallel
to the longitudinal direction of the first member by adjusting a rotary
joint defined by at least one of the members. In some cases, the head
member is connected to the first member via first and second links, e.g.,
first and second links that are rotatably connected to each of the head
member and the second member, and the head member can be rotated about an
axis perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the first member. In
particular, the head member can be rotated about an axis perpendicular to
the longitudinal direction of the at least first member and offset from a
longitudinal axis defined by the at least first member so that the
engagement tool is configured to be disposed substantially along the
longitudinal axis when the head is rotated about the axis perpendicular
to the longitudinal direction to each of two perpendicular positions of
the head member. With the head member engaged to the foam portion, the
head member can be rotated while the head member is extended through the
sheet.
[0016] According to another method of the invention for manufacturing a
foam part, a plurality of portions are offset and joined in a desired
configuration. A base sheet is cut to define at least first and second
portions in a first configuration, e.g., by cutting in the first portion
a polygonal shape defining the perimeter of the second portion so that
the first portion defines the entire perimeter of the second portion. In
the first configuration, the second portion is defined in an aperture of
the first portion so that the first portion at least partially defines a
perimeter of the second portion. The second portion is reoriented
relative to the first portion to a second configuration so that the
second portion is offset from a plane defined by the first portion. For
example, the second portion can be reoriented by adjusting the second
portion only in a direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the
first portion. The first and second portions are joined in the second
configuration, e.g., with the second portion disposed parallel to the
first portion and/or with the second portion disposed at least partially
in the aperture of the first portion in the second configuration. The
reorientation of the portions can be performed using a mandrel that
defines parallel and offset first and second surfaces corresponding to
the first and second portions, e.g., by disposing the portions of the
base sheet in the first configuration against the mandrel. In the second
configuration, the joined portions can define a telescopic shape such
that the part is nestable with another identical part.
[0017] In some cases, the base sheet is cut to define a third portion,
which, in the first configuration, is defined in an aperture of the
second portion so that the second portion at least partially defines a
perimeter of the third portion. The third portion is reoriented relative
to the second portion so that the third portion is substantially parallel
to the second portion and offset from a plane defined by the second
portion in the second configuration. The second and third portions are
joined in the second configuration.
[0018] The base sheet can be cut to define a plurality of second portions,
and each second portion can be defined in a respective aperture of the
first portion so that the first portion at least partially defines a
perimeter of each second portion. Each of the second portions can be
reoriented relative to the first portion to the second configuration so
that the second portions are substantially parallel to the first portion
and each second portion is coplanar with the other second portions, and
each of the second portions can be joined to the first portion in the
second configuration. Slits can be provided in one or more of the
portions so that the portion(s) defining the slits can be expanded to
thereby open the slits to define apertures. Further, according to one
embodiment, an area of the one or more second portions is determined
according to a desired shock absorption characteristic of the part.
[0019] The foam parts formed according to one embodiment include a first
portion that defines a first plane and an aperture. At least one second
portion is joined to the first portion. The second portion has an outer
perimeter corresponding in size and position to the aperture of the first
portion, and the second portion is offset from a plane defined by the
first portion. The first and second portions can be parallel, and the
second portion can be disposed at least partially in the aperture of the
first portion. A third portion can be joined to the second portion, and
the third portion can have an outer perimeter that corresponds in size
and position to an aperture of the second portion, with the third portion
being offset from a plane defined by the second portion. The part can
defines a contour on a first side that corresponds to a contour on an
opposite second side so that the part is nestable with another identical
part. In some cases, the part defines a plurality of the second portions,
each second portion joined to the first portion, having an outer
perimeter corresponding in size and position to a respective aperture of
the first portion, and being offset from the plane defined by the first
portion. Further, at least one of the portions can define a plurality of
slits so that the portion defining the slits is structured to be
expanded.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Having thus described the invention in general terms, reference
will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily
drawn to scale, and wherein:
[0021] FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a machine for
manufacturing foam parts according to one embodiment of the present
invention;
[0022] FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating an actuator mechanism
according to one embodiment of the present invention for engaging and
reorienting a foam portion, shown with the first and second members of
the mechanism in a retracted configuration and with the head member
generally parallel to the longitudinal direction of the first and second
members;
[0023] FIGS. 3-9 are perspective views partially illustrating the
mechanism of FIG. 2;
[0024] FIG. 10-17 are perspective views partially illustrating the
mechanism of FIG. 2 and illustrating the operation of the head member;
[0025] FIG. 18A is a perspective view partially illustrating an actuator
mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention, shown
with the engagement tool in a retracted position;
[0026] FIG. 18B is a perspective view partially illustrating the actuator
mechanism of FIG. 18A, shown with the engagement tool in an extended
position;
[0027] FIG. 18C is a perspective view partially illustrating the actuator
mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention;
[0028] FIG. 19-36 are perspective views partially illustrating the machine
of FIG. 1 during successive operations for manufacturing a plurality foam
parts according to another embodiment of the present invention;
[0029] FIG. 37 is a perspective view illustrating four of the foam parts
formed by the machine shown in FIGS. 19-36;
[0030] FIGS. 38-45 are perspective views illustrating successive
operations for manufacturing a foam part according to another embodiment
of the present invention;
[0031] FIGS. 46-49 are perspective views illustrating a mandrel and a
plurality of foam parts formed against the mandrel according to another
embodiment of the present invention;
[0032] FIG. 50 is a perspective view illustrating a section cut from a
base sheet for manufacturing an expandable foam part according to another
embodiment of the present invention;
[0033] FIG. 51 is a perspective view illustrating the foam part
manufactured from the base sheet of FIG. 50 before expansion thereof,
[0034] FIG. 52 is a perspective view illustrating the foam part of FIG. 51
after the foam part has been expanded;
[0035] FIG. 53 is a perspective view illustrating a section cut from a
base sheet for manufacturing an expandable foam part according to another
embodiment of the present invention;
[0036] FIG. 54 is a perspective view illustrating the foam part
manufactured from the base sheet of FIG. 53 before expansion thereof,
[0037] FIG. 55 is a perspective view illustrating the foam part of FIG. 54
after the foam part has been expanded; and
[0038] FIGS. 56 and 57 are plan views illustrating portions of foam
defining slits for forming expandable parts according other embodiments
of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0039] The present inventions now will be described more fully hereinafter
with reference to the accompanying drawings in which some but not all
embodiments of the inventions are shown. Indeed, these inventions may be
embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited
to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are
provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal
requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
[0040] Referring now to the figures and, in particular, to FIG. 1, there
is shown a machine 10 for manufacturing assembled foam parts 100 (e.g.,
as shown in FIG. 37) according to one embodiment of the present
invention. The parts 100 can be formed in many sizes and configurations
and with a variety of materials for use in various applications. In
particular, the parts 100 can be formed of foam, such as low density
polyethylene foams typically having a weight between about 1 to 4 pounds
per cubic foot, and can be formed to configurations that correspond to
the shape of a packaged product and/or a box or other packages so that
the parts 100 can be used as foam inserts or cushions, such as end caps,
that support and protect the packaged product, e.g., during shipping,
handling, storage, and the like. Other materials and different material
densities can alternatively be used. As described below, the machine 10
can be used to manufacture a plurality of the foam parts 100
simultaneously, each of the foam parts 100 being the same as, or similar
to, the other foam parts 100 formed at the same time.
[0041] The machine 10 generally includes a frame 12 (shown only partially
in FIG. 1 for purposes of illustrative clarity) to which is mounted a
support member 14 that is configured to support a base sheet 16 of foam.
As illustrated, the support member 14 can define a generally horizontal
support surface 18 on which the base sheet 16 can rest during
manufacture. In other embodiments, the machine 10 can be otherwise
configured, e.g., by turning the illustrated machine 10 on its side so
that the support surface 18 is vertical. The base sheet 16 can be
provided to the support member 14 from a source 20, e.g., as one of a
plurality of discrete flat sheets or panels of foam material or as a
continuous sheet from a roll of foam material. In either case, the base
sheet 16 is typically advanced through the machine 10 in a longitudinal
direction 22 of the sheet 16 and support member 14. The base sheet 16
defines a width in a transverse direction 24 that is generally
perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 22. A feed mechanism, such as
an arrangement of rollers 26 driven by actuators 28, can be provided for
advancing the base sheet 16, i.e., adjusting the base sheet 16 into the
machine 10 in the longitudinal direction 22.
[0042] A cutting device 30 is configured to cut the base sheet 16. For
example, the cutting device 30 can include one or more knives, blades,
cutting dies, or other cutting tools. Alternatively, the cutting device
30 can include one or more fluid cutting systems, e.g., for directing a
stream of water onto the base sheet 16 to cut the base sheet 16. In any
case, the cutting device 30 is typically configured to cut the support
member 14 into a plurality of sections defined across the width of the
base sheet 16 and/or along the length of the base sheet 16. For example,
if the base sheet 16 is provided with a width of 48 inches, the machine
10 could cut the base sheet 16 into six 8-inch sections across the width
of the sheet 16 (e.g., using six cutting heads that operate
simultaneously to maximize throughput) and simultaneously form six of the
foam parts 100.
[0043] Further, the cutting device 30 can cut each section into multiple
portions, which can then be reoriented to form one of the foam parts 100.
That is, each section can be cut into at least first and second portions
which are then used to manufacture a respective one of the foam parts
100. As shown in FIG. 1, the base sheet 16 is cut to define four sections
32 in a 2.times.2 grid pattern, and each section 32 includes three
separate portions 34. The cutting device 30 typically cuts the portions
34 of each section 32 while the portions 34 are disposed in a first
configuration, e.g., while the portions 34 are disposed in a planar
configuration against the support surface 18 of the support member 14 of
the machine 10. Each cut made by the cutting device 30 typically extends
through the entire thickness of the foam material of the sheet 16.
[0044] The machine 10 also includes a plurality of engagement tools 36
that are disposed across the width of the base sheet 16. Each tool 36 is
configured to selectively grip or engage one or more of the portions 34
of each section 32 so that the tool 36 can be used to reorient the
portions 34. For example, as discussed below in connection with FIGS.
19-36, each engagement tool 36 can be configured to grip or otherwise
engage one of the portions 34 of each section 32 while other portions 34
of the same section 32 are disposed in the first configuration so that
the gripped portion 34 can be reoriented relative to the other portion(s)
34 of each section 32 to achieve a desired, second configuration of the
portions 34 in which the portions 34 can be joined.
[0045] A plurality of actuator mechanisms 40 are provided for adjusting
the engagement tools 36. Each actuator mechanism 40 can be configured to
adjust a respective one of the engagement tools 36. In particular, with a
respective one of the engagement tools 36 engaged to one of the portions
34, the actuator mechanism 40 can adjust the position of the respective
engagement tool 36 and thereby reorient the portion 34 to the desired
configuration. It is appreciated that each of the actuator mechanisms 40
can be configured to adjust a different one of the engagement tools 36
and, further, that the actuator mechanisms 40 can adjust the different
engagement tools 36 simultaneously to form multiple foam parts 100 across
the width of the base sheet 16 simultaneously.
[0046] The machine 10 can join the foam portions 34 of each section 32 in
the desired configuration so that each section 32 of the base sheet 16 is
used to manufacture one of the foam parts 100. The foam portions 34 can
be joined by a joining device 42, which can apply an adhesive to the
contacting surfaces of the portions 34 or provide a heater that heats the
contacting surfaces of the portions 34 so that the foam at the interface
is melted, plasticized, or otherwise configured for joining. The joining
device 42 can be adjustably mounted on the frame 12 and adjusted by one
or more actuators to provide heat or adhesive to particular surfaces of
the portions 34, as further described below in connection with FIGS. 30
and 31.
[0047] The cutting, reorienting, and/or joining operations can be
performed successively in the same machine 10, and the movement of the
foam portions 34 can be controlled throughout the various operations. In
particular, each foam portion 34 can be moved through a predetermined
path from the time that the portion 34 is cut from the base sheet 16
until the portion 34 is incorporated into a finished parts 100. Further,
the machine 10 can operate automatically and relatively continuously to
manufacture successive batches of the parts 100. For example, subsequent
to the joining of the portions 34 of the sections 32 for forming a first
batch of parts 100 in a first cyclic operation, the machine 10 can
dispense the parts 100 therefrom and continue with a second operation for
manufacturing a second batch of the parts 100. In the second operation,
the feed mechanism 26, 28 of the machine 10 can adjust the base sheet 16
in the longitudinal direction 22, i.e., to advance the base sheet 16 into
the machine 10 toward the engagement tools 36 and then repeat the various
operations for cutting the portions 34 from the base sheet 16, engaging
the foam portions 34 with the actuator mechanisms 40 via the engagement
tools 36, actuating the actuator mechanisms 40 to thereby reorient the
foam portions 34 to the desired configuration, and joining the foam
portions 34 in the desired configuration to manufacture the second batch
of parts 100 from the base sheet 16. Thereafter, the machine 10 can
continue to automatically operate to manufacture subsequent batches of
parts 100 in the same manner.
[0048] FIGS. 2-17 further illustrate one of the actuator mechanisms 40 of
the machine 10 of FIG. 1 for engaging, or gripping, one of the foam
portions 34 and reorienting the foam portion 34 to a desired
configuration. It is appreciated that the machine 10 can include any
number of the actuator mechanisms 40, such that one or more of the
actuator mechanisms 40 are arranged for reorienting the foam portions 34
of each section 32. Each actuator mechanism 40 can be configured to
operate in a relatively small space to avoid interfering with the motion
of the other actuator mechanisms 40. In this way, the actuator mechanisms
40 can operate simultaneously so that the machine 10 can produce more
than one of the foam parts 100 at a time. In particular, in addition to
having a relatively long, slim configuration, each actuator mechanism 40
can be configured to grip a foam portion 34 and move the foam portion 34
through a range of motion while the actuator mechanism 40 remains in a
relatively small work area to avoid interference with the adjacent
mechanisms 40. The size of the work area of the actuator mechanism 40 is
typically defined in a plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis of the mechanism 40. For example, if the actuator mechanisms 40 are
arranged to extend generally normal to the working surface (e.g., support
surface 18 of FIG. 1), each mechanism 40 can typically operate in a
relatively small work area defined in a plane parallel to the surface 18
(i.e., horizontal as shown in FIG. 1) to avoid interference between
adjacent mechanisms 40 along the width and/or length of the base sheet 16
and support member 14. In some cases, each work space extends no further
in the transverse direction 24 than the width of one of the sections 32
of the base sheet 16.
[0049] As shown in FIGS. 2-7, the mechanism 40 generally includes first
and second members 50, 52 that extend along a longitudinal direction. A
first end 50a of each first member 50 can be mounted to the frame 12
(FIG. 1) so that the members 50, 52 are cantilevered to extend from the
frame 12, and the mechanism 40 can be configured to adjust in a variety
of motions to reorient a head member 54 having at least one of the
engagement tools 36 that can be engaged to the foam portion 34. For
example, as illustrated, the first and second members 50, 52 can be
telescopically adjustable relative to one another. In particular, the
first member 50 can be configured to receive at least a part of the
second member 52 so that the second member 52 can be selectively inserted
into or retracted from the first member 50, thereby adjusting the length
of the mechanism 40 and the position of the head member 54 in the
longitudinal direction of the members 50, 52 relative to the frame 12.
One or more actuators 56 can be provided in, or otherwise connected to,
the actuator mechanism 40 for selectively adjusting the length of the
mechanism 40. Actuators 56 may also be controlled using signals from an
electronic board or other controller device 73, which can work
communicate and work in conjunction with a controller 74 (FIG. 1). In
this way, the head member 54 extends from the one or more members 50, 52
of the actuator mechanism 40, e.g., such that the head member 54 extends
from and is connected to the first member 50 via the second member 52,
and is adjustable by the mechanism 40.
[0050] The members 50, 52 can also define a rotary joint 60 that is
rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the members 50, 52, as shown in
FIGS. 8-14. In the illustrated embodiment, the rotary joint 60 is defined
by the second member 52, but the rotary joint 60 can alternatively be
defined by the first member 50 or at an interface of the members 50, 52.
The head member 54 can be automatically rotated about the longitudinal
axis of the members 50, 52 by an actuator that rotates the joint 60 as
shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, e.g., using actuator 56 and a cam member 58
defining a spiral guide.
[0051] The head member 54 can also be rotatably connected to the second
member 52 so that the head member 54 can be rotated about another axis.
In particular, the head member 54 can be structured to rotate about an
axis that is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the
first and second members 50, 52. Various types of rotatably connections
can be provided between the head member 54 and the second member 52. In
some cases, the axis about which the head member 54 rotates can be offset
from the longitudinal axis defined by the first and second members 50,
52.
[0052] For example, the head member 54 can be connected to the second
member 52 via first and second links 64, 66, as shown in FIGS. 10-14. A
first end of each link 64, 66 can be rotatably connected to the second
member 52 (and, hence, rotatably connected to the first member 50 via the
second member 52), and an opposite end of each link 64, 66 can be
rotatably connected to the head member 54. In this way, the second member
52, links 64, 66, and the head member 54 can together define a four-bar
linkage, and the position of the head member 54 relative to the second
member 52 can be controlled by an actuator 68 positioned between two or
more of the members of the linkage. Thus, the actuator 68 can selectively
extend or retract to thereby rotate the links 64, 66 so that the head
member 54 is rotated about an axis perpendicular to a longitudinal axis
of the first and/or second members 50, 52. Further, with the rotational
axis of the head member 54 offset from the longitudinal axis of the
members 50, 52, the engagement tool 36 can be configured to be disposed
substantially along the longitudinal axis regardless of the rotation of
the head member 54. That is, the engagement tool 36 can be substantially
along the longitudinal axis of the members 50, 52 when the head member 54
is rotated to a first position in which the head member 54 is parallel to
the members 50, 52 (FIGS. 16 and 17) and to a second position in which
the head member 54 is perpendicular to the members 50, 52 (FIGS. 11-15).
In this way, the actuator mechanism 40 can rotate the respective
engagement tool 36 in one of a plurality of relatively small work areas
successively defined along the width and/or length of the base sheet 16
and support member 14 to avoid interfering with other actuator mechanisms
40, engagement tools 36, and/or foam portions 34 in successively adjacent
work areas across the width or length of the machine 10.
[0053] The engagement tool 36 is adjustably mounted to the head member 54
so that the tool 36 can be selectively engaged with and disengaged from
the foam portion 34, typically by advancing the tool 36 into the foam
portion 34 to thereby engage the portion 34 and retracting the tool 36
from the foam portion 34 to thereby disengage the portion 34. In one
embodiment, the engagement tool 36 includes one or more helical pins 70,
such as corkscrews. Each helical pin 70 can be connected to an actuator
72 that selectively rotates the pin 70 in opposite directions and thereby
adjusts the pins 70 from a retracted position (FIG. 16) to an extended
position (FIG. 17). Thus, with the head member 54 disposed proximate the
foam portion 34, e.g., with the one or more helical pins 70 pressed
against the foam portion 34, the actuator 72 can rotate the helical pin
70 in a first direction so that the pin 70 is advanced and driven into
the foam portion 34 to engage the foam portion 34. The helical pin 70 can
be rotated until the foam portion 34 is secured against the head member
54. With the head member 54 so engaged with the foam portion 34, the foam
portion 34 can be reoriented by the mechanism 40. Then, with the foam
portion 34 in a desired configuration, the actuator 72 can rotate the pin
70 in a second, opposite direction so that the pin 70 is retracted from
the foam portion 34. The actuators 72 for operating the engagement tools
36 are selectively energized, typically by a controller 74 (FIG. 1) that
operates automatically, e.g., according to a predetermined list of
instructions such as a software program, or activated by sensors,
including laser sensors and camera-vision algorithm-based sensors and
software.
[0054] Other engagement tools 36 can alternatively be used to engage the
foam portion 34. For example, in another embodiment, shown in FIGS. 18A
and 18B, the engagement tool 36 includes two or more pins 76 that are
configured to be advanced into the foam portion 34 in nonparallel
directions. In particular, as illustrated in FIG. 18B, the engagement
tool 36 includes two pairs of pins 76. Each pair includes two pins 76
that are slidably extendable from the head member 54 along nonparallel
directions from a retracted position (FIG. 18A) to an extended position
(FIG. 18B). In the illustrated embodiment, the pins 76 of each pair are
disposed along diverging directions so that the extended ends of the pins
76 of each pair are spread to increasing divergent positions as the pins
76 are advanced or extended from the head member 54. Alternatively, the
pins 76 can instead be configured along converging directions so that the
extended ends are moved to increasingly closer positions as the pins 76
are advanced from the head member 54. In either case, the pins 76 can be
advanced or extended by an actuator from the head member 54 and into the
foam portion 34. Thus, with the head member 54 disposed proximate the
foam portion 34, e.g., against the foam portion 34, the actuator 72 can
advance the pins 76 in a first direction so that the pins 76 are extended
from the head member 54 and into the foam portion 34 to engage the foam
portion 34, typically with the foam portion 34 held against the head
member 54. The nonparallel configuration of the pins 76 can increase the
security of the engagement with the foam member. With the head member 54
so engaged with the foam portion 34, the foam portion 34 can be
reoriented by the mechanism 40. Then, with the foam portion 34 in a
desired configuration, the actuator 72 can retract the pins 76 in a
second, opposite direction so that the pins 76 are retracted from the
foam portion 34 and the foam portion 34 is disengaged from the head
member 54. The pins 70, 76 can have sharp ends to facilitate the entry
thereof into the foam portions 34. Vacuum cups, which may be connected to
the end of members 52 or 50, may also be used to hold any of the portions
or parts. For example, as shown in FIG. 18C, each head member 54 can
include a vacuum device 78 that is configured to evacuate a cup or other
cavity disposed proximate to one of the foam portions or parts to thereby
engage the head member 54 thereto.
[0055] The operation of the actuator mechanisms 40 is further shown in
FIG. 19-36, which partially illustrate the machine 10 of FIG. 1 during
successive operations for manufacturing a plurality foam parts 100
according to another embodiment of the present invention. More
particularly, FIGS. 19-36 illustrate the operation of four groups of the
actuator mechanisms 40 for forming four foam parts 100. Each group of
actuator mechanisms 40 includes three of the actuator mechanisms 40a,
40b, 40c that are used to reorient the foam portions 34 of one section 32
to form one of the foam parts 100. As shown in FIG. 19, the illustrated
base sheet 16 defines four sections 32, and each section 32 of the base
sheet 16 defines three foam portions 34, also referred to individually
with reference numerals 34a, 34b, 34c. That is, the base sheet 16 is
shown after having been cut into the twelve portions 34 for forming four
of the foam parts 100. In particular, the base sheet 16 is cut to define
two of the sections 32 across the width of the sheet 16 (i.e., in the
transverse direction 24), and two of the sections 32 along the length of
the sheet 16 (i.e., in the longitudinal direction 22). In other
embodiments, the sheet 16 can be cut to define any number of sections 32
across the width of the sheet 16 and any number of sections 32 along the
length of the sheet 16, such as one. Holes 44 can be defined by the
section 32 where scrap material has been removed therefrom.
[0056] As shown in FIG. 19, the actuator mechanisms 40 are engaged to the
cut sections 32 of the base sheet 16, typically with one or more of the
actuator mechanisms 40 engaged to each of the foam portions 34. That is,
the head member 54 of each actuator mechanism 40 is disposed proximate a
respective one of the foam portions 34, and the at least one pin or other
engagement tool 36 adjustably mounted to the head member 54 is advanced
into the foam portion 34 to engage the foam portion 34 to the head member
54. The mechanisms 40 can be used to lift the foam portions 34 from the
support member 14 so that the foam portions 34 are held in the first
(planar) configuration above the support member 14. The motion of each
actuator mechanism 40 can be automatically controlled, e.g., by the
controller 74, which can provide electrical signals to the actuator
mechanisms 40 according to a predetermined list of instructions such as a
software program for automatic operation.
[0057] In FIG. 20, a first actuator mechanism 40a of each group is
extended, i.e., by telescopically or otherwise adjusting the first and
second members 50, 52 of the mechanism 40a along the longitudinal
direction of the members 50, 52 so that the head member 54 thereof is
extended through a plane defined by the respective section 32. In this
regard, each actuator mechanism 40 can have a cross-sectional profile
that is sufficiently small to allow the head member 54 to be advanced
through the section 32 of the base sheet 16 and rotated to reorient the
foam portion 34 while the head member 54 is extended through the sheet 16
and the mechanism 40 is disposed through the plane of the sheet 16. In
this way, a first c-shaped portion 34a of each section 32 is moved from
the first configuration and out of the plane of the section 32. The first
c-shaped portion 34a of each section 32 is then rotated about a
longitudinal axis defined by the respective actuator mechanism 40a
engaged thereto, i.e., by rotating the joints 60 of the actuator
mechanisms 40a, as shown in FIG. 21, such that the head member 54 is
rotated about the longitudinal axis of the members 50, 52 and the first
c-shaped portion 34a of each section 32 is still disposed in a plane
parallel to the plane of the section 32. That is, the actuator mechanism
40a rotates the head member 54 relative to the first member 50 and/or the
frame 12 of the machine 10, thereby adjusting the foam portion 34a to a
desired position. In FIG. 22, each of the first c-shaped portions 34a is
rotated about an axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
the actuator mechanisms 40a, i.e., by rotating the head member 54 of each
mechanism 40a about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction
of the first and/or second member 52, thereby rotating the first c-shaped
portion 34a of each section 32 to a configuration that is perpendicular
to the plane of the section 32.
[0058] As shown in FIG. 23, the first c-shaped portion 34a of each section
32 is then disposed on the support member 14, e.g., by advancing the head
members 54 of the respective actuator mechanisms 40a toward the support
member 14 and/or by moving the support member 14 toward the actuator
mechanisms 40a. With the first c-shaped portions 34a disposed on the
support member 14, the actuator mechanisms 40a engaged to the portions
34a can be disengaged, e.g., by retracting the engagement tools 36 of the
respective mechanisms 40a from the foam portions 34a to thereby disengage
the foam portions 34a, as shown in FIG. 24, and the head members 54 of
the respective actuator mechanisms 40 can be retracted from the support
member 14. In FIG. 25, the actuator mechanisms 40a used to dispose the
first c-shaped portions 34a are retracted so that the head members 54 are
retracted through the plane of the section 32.
[0059] As shown in FIG. 26, four other actuator mechanisms 40b that are
engaged to second c-shaped portions 34b of each section 32 are advanced
by extension of the mechanisms 40b so that the second c-shaped portion
34b of each section 32 is advanced from the first configuration and out
of the plane of the section 32. Each of the second c-shaped portions 34b
is then rotated about a longitudinal axis defined by the respective
actuator mechanism 40b engaged thereto, i.e., by rotating the joints 60
of the actuator mechanisms 40b, as shown in FIG. 27, such that the second
c-shaped portion 34b of each section 32 is still disposed in a plane
parallel to the plane of the section 32. In FIG. 28, each of the second
c-shaped portions 34b is rotated about an axis that is perpendicular to
the longitudinal axis of the actuator mechanisms 40b, i.e., by rotating
the head member 54 of each mechanism 40b, thereby rotating the second
c-shaped portions 34b to configurations perpendicular to the plane of the
section 32 and parallel to the first c-shaped portion 34a of each section
32.
[0060] As shown in FIG. 29, the second c-shaped portion 34b of each
section 32 is then disposed on the support member 14, e.g., by advancing
the heads of the respective actuator mechanisms 40b toward the support
member 14 and/or by moving the support member 14 toward the actuator
mechanisms 40b, so that the second portion 34b of each section 32 is
disposed on the support member 14 in a predetermined configuration with
the first portion 34a of each section 32. The actuator mechanisms 40b
engaged to the second portions 34b can be disengaged, e.g., by retracting
the engagement tools 36 of the respective mechanisms 40, as shown in FIG.
30, and retracted from the support member 14. In FIG. 31, the actuator
mechanisms 40b used to dispose the second c-shaped portions 34b are
retracted so that the head members 54 are retracted through the plane of
the section 32.
[0061] As shown in FIG. 32, the remaining third portion 34c of each
section 32, which is rectangular, is advanced toward the support member
14, i.e., by extending the respective actuator mechanisms 40c and/or
adjusting the support member 14 toward the rectangular portions 34c. The
rectangular portion 34c of each section 32 is disposed on the c-shaped
portions 34c of the respective section 32 in a desired configuration, as
shown in FIG. 33. The desired placement of each rectangular portion 34c
can be achieved by adjusting the actuator mechanisms 40c and/or the
support member 14. In some cases, the actuator mechanisms 40c can be
configured to move along the frame 12 of the machine 10 to adjust the
positions of the actuator mechanisms 40c relative to the support member
14, or the support member 14 can be moved relative to the actuator
mechanisms 40c. In either case, the rectangular portion 34c of each
section 32 can be disposed on the c-shaped portions 34c of the respective
section 32 in the second, desired configuration of the foam part 100. The
actuator mechanisms 40c can then be disengaged from the rectangular
portions 34c, and the actuator mechanisms 40 are retracted and/or the
support member 14 is adjusted away from the actuator mechanisms 40c, so
that the portions 34c are disposed on the support member 14, as shown in
FIGS. 34-36, to thereby form four identical foam parts 100.
[0062] As illustrated in FIGS. 19-36, at least some of the actuator
mechanisms 40 can be configured to adjust the positions of the respective
engagement tools 36 at the same time so that the positions of at least
some of the foam portions 34 are adjusted at the same time. In
particular, as shown in FIGS. 20-25, the four actuator mechanisms 40a
that are used to move the first portions 34a of the four sections 32 are
moved simultaneously so that the four first portions 34a are moved
simultaneously from the first configuration to the second, desired
configuration. Further, the actuator mechanisms 40a are configured to
adjust the respective engagement tools 36 to move the first portions 34a
through similar motions. In particular, the actuator mechanisms 40a move
the four first portions 34a through the same paths of motion at the same
time, such that the first portions 34a are maintained substantially
parallel to one another while being reoriented to the desired
configuration. Similarly, as shown in FIGS. 26-31, the four actuator
mechanisms 40b that are used to move the second portions 34b of the four
sections 32 are moved simultaneously so that the four second portions 34b
are moved simultaneously from the first configuration to the second,
desired configuration, and the actuator mechanisms 40b adjust the
respective engagement tools 36 to move the second portions 34b through
the same or similar motions, e.g., so that the second portions 34b are
maintained substantially parallel to one another while being reoriented
to the desired configuration. As shown in FIGS. 32-36, the four actuator
mechanisms 40c that are used to move the third, rectangular portions 34c
of the four sections 32 are also moved simultaneously so that the four
third portions 34c are moved simultaneously from the first configuration
to the second, desired configuration, and the actuator mechanisms 40c
adjust the respective engagement tools 36 to move the third portions 34c
through the same or similar motions, e.g., so that the third portions 34c
are maintained substantially parallel to one another while being
reoriented to the desired configuration. The motions of the portions 34
of the various sections 32 can be predetermined and designed to avoid
interference with one another. Further, the actuator mechanisms 40 can be
structured and configured to avoid interference during simultaneous
and/or similar motions thereof so that multiple foam parts 100 can be
formed across the width of the foam sheet 16 and/or along the length of
the sheet 16. In this way, multiple foam parts 100 can be formed
simultaneously by the machine 10 and, in some cases, the machine 10 can
simultaneously form a plurality of similar foam parts 100, i.e., foam
parts 100 having identical or nearly identical sizes, shapes, and/or
configurations. Thus, the output of the machine 10 can potentially be
increased, and the time and cost for producing each foam part 100 can
potentially be decreased.
[0063] The various portions 34 of each foam part 100 can be joined by
adhesive, heat joining, or otherwise. The application of adhesive, heat,
or the like can be made by moving the portions 34 into contact or
proximity with the joining device 42 of the machine 10 and/or by moving
the joining device 42 into contact or proximity with the portions 34. For
example, the joining device 42 can be configured to be moved to a
position between the support member 14 and the section 32 so that select
surface areas of the portions 34 are treated for joining. In particular,
the one or more joining devices 42 can be moved to a position proximate
one or more of the portions 34 to apply heat or adhesive to at least some
of the surfaces of the portions 34 to be joined, and then removed
therefrom before the portions 34 are disposed in contact and joined,
e.g., as the heated surfaces of the portions 34 cool in contact or an
adhesive on the surfaces dries. Joining may also be accomplished by
applying adhesive at the perimeter between portions 34 and shearing the
portions 34 between each other to spread the adhesive and allow for
bonding. As shown in FIG. 30, the joining device 42 can be disposed
between the tops of the c-shaped portions 34a, 34b and the rectangular
portions 34c to apply heat or adhesive to some or all of the portions 34.
The joining device 42 can then be removed from the space between the
c-shaped portions 34a, 34b and the rectangular portions 34c, as shown in
FIG. 31, such that the rectangular portions 34c are joined to the tops of
the c-shaped portions 34a, 34b when placed thereon and the portions 34
cool and/or an adhesive dries. The joining device(s) 42 can be
selectively moved to positions proximate the various portions 34 by one
or more actuators.
[0064] FIG. 37 illustrates the four foam parts 100 after forming according
to the manufacturing operations illustrated in FIGS. 19-36, Each
illustrated foam part 100 can be used as a foam insert or cushion and, in
particular, and end cap that is configured to support a packaged device
in a box or other container. That is, a first side 102 of the foam part
100 can be configured to correspond to the contour of the device, and the
second side 104 of the foam part 100 can be disposed against an inside
surface of the container so that the device is supported away from the
surface of the container by the foam part 100. Two or more of the foam
parts 100 can be provided for each device. For example, the foam parts
100 can be positioned on opposite ends of the device so that the device
is supported between the foam parts 100.
[0065] In the method illustrated in FIGS. 19-36, each foam part 100 is
formed by reorienting at least one foam portion 34 relative to another
foam portion 34 from a first configuration (typically the planar
configuration in which the portions 34 are cut) to a second, desired
configuration in which the foam portions 34 are joined (e.g., as shown in
FIG. 37). Further, at least one of the foam portions 34 is rotated
relative to the other foam portion(s) 34 and, more particular, rotated to
a nonparallel configuration. For example, the first and second c-shaped
foam portions 34a, 34b shown in FIGS. 19-36 are rotated about an axis
that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the actuator mechanisms
40 so that each c-shaped foam portion 34a, 34b in its second
configuration is nonparallel to the original plane of the sections 32,
the base sheet 16, and the rectangular portions 34c that remain planar to
the first configuration of the sections 32.
[0066] In other embodiments, foam parts can be formed with some or all of
the foam portions 34 remaining parallel to the original plane of the
section 32 and base sheet 16. In this regard, FIGS. 38-45 illustrate the
successive operations for manufacturing a foam part 150 according to
another embodiment of the present invention. For purposes of illustrative
clarity, the machine 10 is not shown in FIGS. 38-45 and only a single
section for forming a single foam part 150 is shown; however, it is
appreciated that any number of foam parts 150 can be formed adjacently
and simultaneously, e.g., using the machine 10 of FIG. 1 and/or actuator
mechanisms 40 similar to those shown in the other figures.
[0067] FIG. 38 illustrates a foam section 132 before being cut by the
cutting device 30. The foam section 132 is typically part of a larger
base sheet 16, as described above, with the base sheet 16 defining a
plurality of the sections 132 so that multiple parts 150 can be formed at
one time. In other words, the foam section 132 of FIG. 38 can be cut from
a larger sheet 16 that defines multiple sections 132 across the width
and/or length of the sheet 16. The foam section 132 is cut using the
cutting device 30 to define multiple portions 134 including a first
portion 134a and a second portion 134b in a first, planar configuration
as shown in FIG. 39. In this case, the second portion 134b is defined in
an aperture of the first portion 134a, and the first portion 134a defines
the entire outer perimeter of the second portion 134b. That is, the
second portion 134b is cut in a closed, polygonal shape from the first
portion 134a so that the first portion 134a extends entirely around the
second portion 134b. In other cases, the second portion 134b can extend
to one or more of the edges of the section 132 so that the first portion
134a defines only a portion of the outer perimeter of the second portion
134b.
[0068] FIG. 40 illustrates the foam section 132 after the second portion
134b is reoriented relative to the first portion 134a to a second
configuration and joined to the first portion 134a. In particular, the
second portion 134b is offset from a plane defined by the first portion
134a and remains parallel to the plane of the first portion 134a. That
is, the second portion 134b is lifted away from the support member 14 on
which the first portion 134a rests. The reorientation of the second
portion 134b can be performed by engaging one or more of the actuator
mechanisms 40 to the second portion and actuating the actuator mechanisms
40 to adjust the second portion 134b to the desired configuration. One or
more of the actuator mechanisms 40 can also be engaged to the first
portion 134a to retain the first portion 134a, or the first portion 134a
can be otherwise retained, e.g., by clamping or otherwise engaging the
first portion to the support member 14 on which the first portion 134a
can rest. Alternatively, the portions 134 of the foam section 132 can be
reoriented in other ways, e.g., as discussed below in connection with
FIGS. 44-49. The first and second foam portions 134a, 134b can be joined
by the joining device 42, e.g., by heating the two portions 134a, 134b at
their interface or disposing an adhesive at the interface of the 134a,
134b.
[0069] As illustrated in FIG. 41, the foam section 132 is further cut to
define a plurality of third portions 134c. In particular, four apertures
are cut in the second portion 134b so that each aperture defines one of
the third portions 134c therein. The third portions 134c are cut by the
cutting device 30. Although the third portions 134c are illustrated as
being cut after the second portion 134b is reoriented relative to the
first portion 134a, it is appreciated that the third portions 134c can
alternatively be cut before the reorientation of the second portion 134b.
For example, the third portions 134c can be cut during the same cutting
operation as the second portion 134b, i.e., in FIG. 39. Further, it is
appreciated that any number of the second portions 134b can be cut from
the first portion 134a any number of the third portions 134c can be cut
from the first portion 134a and/or the second portion 134b, and
additional portions can be cut from any of the portions.
[0070] FIG. 42 illustrates the foam section 132 after the third portions
134c are reoriented to a desired configuration relative to the first and
second portions 134a, 134b and joined to the second portion 134b in the
desired configuration. In particular, each third portion 134c is offset
from a plane defined by the second portion 134b and remains parallel to
the plane of the first and second portions 134a, 134b. That is, the third
portions 134c are lifted from the second portion 134b in a direction away
from the support member 14 on which the first portion 134a rests. The
reorientation of the third portions 134c can be performed by engaging one
or more of the actuator mechanisms 40 to each third portion 134c and
actuating the actuator mechanisms 40 to adjust the third portions 134c to
the desired configuration, and the third portions 134c can be joined to
the second portion 134c by heat or adhesive applied by the joining device
42. The third portions 134c can be reoriented in any desired manner,
e.g., by offsetting some or all of the third portions 134c in a direction
toward the support member 14, moving and/or rotating the third portions
134c in other directions, or the like.
[0071] As illustrated in FIG. 43, the foam section 132 is further cut to
define a fourth portion 134d. In particular, an additional aperture is
cut by the cutting device 30 in the second portion 134b to define the
fourth portion 134d therein. Any number of fourth portions 134d can be
cut in any of the other portions 134a, 134b, 134c, and the fourth
portion(s) 134d can be cut before or after the reorientation of any of
the other portions. For example, the fourth portion(s) 134d can be cut
during the same cutting operation as the second and/or third portions
134b, 134c. As shown in FIGS. 44 and 45, the fourth portion 134d is
removed from the second portion 134b and discarded as scrap, and the
finished foam part 150 is defined by the remaining first, second, and
third portions 134a, 134b, 134c of the section 132. In other embodiments,
the fourth portion 134d can be reoriented and joined to any of the other
portions in a desired configuration to form the finished foam part 150.
Further, it is appreciated that other portions can be cut and then
reoriented and joined or removed from the part 150.
[0072] The amount of offset of each portion 134 can be determined
according to the desired dimensions of the finished foam part 150. In
some cases, the various portions 134 can be joined with one or more of
the portions 134 disposed at least partially in the corresponding
apertures of another portion 134. For example, as shown in the finished
foam part 150 of FIGS. 44 and 45, the second portion 134b is parallel to
the plane of the first portion 134a and offset from the plane of the
first portion 134a by a smaller distance than the offset of the third
portions 134c from the plane of the second portion 134b. The distance of
offset of the second portion 134b is less than the thickness of the base
sheet 16 so that the second portion 134b remains at least partially
disposed within the plane of the first portion 134a (and within the
aperture defined by the first portion 134a) when joined thereto.
Alternatively, the second portion 134b could be offset by a lesser or
greater distance to effect a different overall dimension of the finished
foam part 150. Similarly, the third portions 134c can be offset from the
second portion 134b by any predetermined distance. In some cases, some of
the portions 134 can be extended entirely from the plane of another
portion and entirely out of apertures from which the portions are
extended. Further, while the second and third portions 134b, 134c are
reoriented in the illustrated embodiment by adjusting the second and
third portions 134b, 134c only in the direction perpendicular to the
plane defined by the first portion 134a, the portions 134b, 134c can also
be adjusted in other directions in other embodiments, e.g., to adjust the
position of the portions in the finished part 150. In some cases, scrap
material can be removed from one of the portions 134 so that the
apertures defined by the portions 134 are larger than the offset portions
disposed in the apertures, thereby providing room in the apertures for
adjusting the position of the portions 134 therein.
[0073] The finished foam part 150 can be configured for a variety of
applications. For example, in one embodiment, a first side 152 of the
foam part 150 can define a cavity that is adapted to at least partially
receive a device to be packaged. Thus, the number, size, shape, and/or
position of the various portions 134 that are cut from the first section
132 and reoriented or removed can correspond to the predetermined shape
of the device so that the foam part 150 corresponds to the contour of the
packaged device. In some cases, the foam part 150 can be used to support
multiple packaged devices, e.g., by at least partially receiving at least
one of the devices in each of the cavities defined by the spaces defined
by the reorientation of the third portions 134c from the second portion
134b.
[0074] Further, the number, size, shape, and/or position of some of the
portions 134 can be provided according to a predetermined physical
performance criteria, e.g., for protecting the packaged device. For
example, the foam part 150 can provide a shock absorption characteristic
for the packaged device, and the shock absorption characteristic can be
determined at least in part 150 according to the number, size, shape,
and/or position of the various foam portions of the part 150. In
particular, if the packaged device is to be provided in a container with
the device partially received in the cavity and with the second portion
134b disposed against the device and the third portions 134c disposed
against the inner surface of the container, the shock absorption
characteristic of the foam part 150 can be determined in part by the
total of the third portions 134c since the third portions 134c will be
most likely to absorb any shocks transmitted to the package and through
the foam part 150. Thus, the total area of the third portions 134c, as
defined by the area of the apertures cut in the second portion 134b in
FIG. 41, and directed away from the packaged device can be determined
according to the desired shock absorption characteristic. That is, the
area can generally be increased to increase the stiffniess of the third
portions 134c or decreased to decrease the stiffness of the third
portions 134c.
[0075] It is appreciated that the offsetting of one or more portions 134
in the formation of the foam parts 150 can result in parts 150 that
define a plurality of successive, parallel layers. The offsetting of the
various portions 134 allows the different layers to be formed from a
single base sheet 16, thereby providing a potential reduction in material
relative to other methods in which multiple base sheets are cut and then
stacked to form multi-layer structures. Further, the various portions 134
of the part 150 can be offset to define a telescopic shape, i.e., a shape
in which one or more portions 134 is cut from the section 132 and offset
in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the section 132. Such
telescopic reorientation of the different portions 134 can result in a
part 150 that is nestable with other identical parts 150. In other words,
the first side 152 of the finished foam part 150 defines a female contour
that corresponds to the male contour of the opposite side 154 of the part
150 so that multiple identical parts 150 can be stacked with the male
contour of each part 150 received by the female contour of the adjacent
part 150. Such nestability of the parts 150 can reduce the space required
for storing, shipping, and otherwise handling the parts 150.
[0076] In some cases, the reorientation of one or more portion 134 of each
section 132 can be performed using a mandrel, which can be used in
combination with, or in alternative to, the actuator mechanisms 40. In
this regard, FIGS. 46-49 illustrate the use of a mandrel 160 for
reorienting the various portions of several sections 132 in the
manufacture of foam parts such as the part 150 illustrated in FIGS. 44
and 45. The mandrel 160 is shown separately in FIG. 46. The illustrated
mandrel 160 defines five mandrel sections 162, each section 162
corresponding to one of the sections 132 of the base sheet 16. Thus, the
mandrel 160 can be used to simultaneously reorient the portions of five
foam sections 132. In other embodiments, mandrels can be provided with
any number of sections for reorienting any number and configuration of
foam portions. For example, the mandrel 160 can define multiple mandrel
sections 162 across the width of the base sheet 16 and/or along the
length of the base sheet 16 so that one or more rows and/or columns of
parts 150 can be reoriented simultaneously with the mandrel 160. The
mandrel 160 may be located below or above the support member or table 14
in FIG. 1, and the action of moving the support member 14 with respect to
the mandrel 160 can be used to form the parts.
[0077] As illustrated in FIG. 46, each mandrel section 162 section defines
first, second, and third portions that correspond to the first, second,
and third portions 134a, 134b, 134c of the foam section 132. In
particular, each section 162 of the mandrel 160 defines at least one
first surface 164a that corresponds to the shape of the first foam
portion 134a, at least one second surface 164b that corresponds to the
shape of the second foam portion 134b, and at least one third surface
164c that corresponds to the shape of the third foam portion 134c. The
first, second, and third surfaces 164a, 164b, 164c are offset from one
another so that, when the foam sections 132 are disposed against the
respective mandrel sections 162, the foam portions 134 are reoriented
from a first, typically planar, configuration to a second, desired
configuration. In the illustrated embodiment, the surfaces 164a, 164b,
164c of each mandrel section 162 are parallel to one another and offset
in different planes.
[0078] FIG. 47 illustrates five sections 132 of the base sheet 16 disposed
proximate to the mandrel 160, each section 132 corresponding to one of
the mandrel sections 162. The sections 132 of the base sheet 16 are cut,
i.e., to define the first, second, third, and fourth portions 134a, 134b,
134c, 134d of each section 132. Thus, when the sections 132 of the base
sheet 16 are moved against the mandrel 160, the portions 134 of each
section 132 are offset to the desired configuration, as shown in FIG. 48.
That is, the first portion 134a of each section 132 is disposed against
the first surface 164a of the respective mandrel section 162, the second
portion 134b is disposed against the second surface 164b, and the third
portion 134c is disposed against the third surface 164c. With the various
portions 134 disposed in the second, desired configuration, the portions
134 can be joined, e.g., by applying heat or adhesive at the interfacing
surfaces of the portions 134.
[0079] The reorientation of the portions 134 can be performed immediately
after the cutting of the portions 134, e.g., in the same machine 10 in
which the portions 134 are cut. In this regard, the mandrel 160 can be
disposed in the machine 10 at a position proximate the support member 14,
e.g., at a location parallel to the support member 14 so that the
advancement of the base sheet 16 along its longitudinal direction 22
results in the cut sections 132 being disposed proximate the mandrel 160.
In other cases, the reorientation of the portions 134 can be performed
separately from the cutting, e.g., in a different operation at a
different time and/or location. In any case, the sections 132 of the base
sheet 16 can be adjusted against the mandrel 160 using the actuator
mechanisms 40. That is, the actuator mechanisms 40 can be engaged to one
or more of the cut portions 134 of the sections 132 of the base sheet 16
and adjusted to move the sections 132 toward the mandrel 160 in a
direction 166. For purposes of illustrative clarity, the actuator
mechanisms 40 are not illustrated in FIGS. 47-49.
[0080] Before or after the joining of the portions 134, the fourth portion
134d can be removed from each section 132, e.g., and discarded, as shown
in FIG. 49. For example, the fourth portions 134d can be removed by
engaging an actuator mechanism 40 with each fourth portion 134d and
retracting the mechanisms 40 from the mandrel 160, or the fourth portions
134d can be removed by other methods, e.g., manually, by an automatic
adjustment of corresponding ejection devices of the mandrel 160, or the
like. The finished parts 150 can be removed from the mandrel 160, and the
mandrel 160 can be re-used to manufacture another group of parts 150. In
this way, the portions 134 of multiple parts 150 can be reoriented at the
same time and multiple parts 150 can be formed in each operative cycle of
the mandrel 160.
[0081] In some embodiments, the foam parts can be manufactured in an
expandable or expanded configuration, in which the dimensions one or more
of the foam portions can be adjusted. In this regard, FIG. 50 illustrates
one section 32 cut from a base sheet 16. The section 32 is cut in a
configuration similar to the configuration of the sections 32 described
above in connection with the operations illustrated in FIGS. 19-36.
Further, as shown in FIG. 50, a plurality of slits 170 are provided in
the rectangular portion 34c such that the rectangular portion 34c can be
expanded in length. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 50, the slits
170 are straight and cut in a series of parallel directions. In other
cases, each slit can be nonlinear, e.g., to define a curve (FIG. 57) or
combination of angled cuts (FIG. 56). In either case, the slits 170 can
be cut by the cutting device 30 or otherwise and can be cut before the
portions are reconfigured (as shown in FIGS. 50-52) or thereafter. In the
illustrated embodiment, the slitted rectangular portion 34c is configured
and joined with the c-shaped portions 34a, 34b, as shown in FIG. 51, and
thereafter expanded to the configuration shown in FIG. 52, i.e., by
applying a force on the rectangular portion to expanding the rectangular
portion 34c. For example, in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 50 and
51, the slitted rectangular portion 34c is expanded by applying a force
in a direction that is generally perpendicular to the direction of the
slits 170. As the rectangular portion 34c is expanded, the slits 170 open
to define apertures 172, and the length of the part 100 increases. In
this way, the part 100 can be adapted to be expanded to a desired size,
e.g., to correspond closely to the dimensions of a device to be packaged.
In other cases where the slits are not linear, the slits can nevertheless
be shaped and oriented to allow for expanding of the part by applying an
expansion force in a particular direction. For example, each slit 170 can
define a generally u- or v-shaped arrangement of angled cuts as shown in
FIG. 56, or an arc as shown in FIG. 57, and the slits 170 can be arranged
generally along different lines so that each line defines a series of the
slits 170 arranged generally end-to-end at least partially across one of
the portions 34. The slits 170 can be opened by a force applied in a
direction 174 that is perpendicular to the lines along which the slits
170 are disposed. In some cases, the same part 100 can be used in the
packaging of devices of different sizes, i.e., by expanded the part to
different lengths corresponding to the different sizes of the devices. In
addition, by forming the part 100 in an expandable configuration, the
amount of material required for the part 100 is potentially reduced.
[0082] Further, the adjustment of the size of the foam parts can be
performed during or after manufacture. In some cases, the parts can be
manufactured, shipped, stored, or otherwise handled in an unexpanded
configuration and subsequently expanded before use. For example, the
parts 100 can be manufactured at a manufacturing facility, shipped to a
user facility, stored temporarily at the user facility in the unexpanded
configuration of FIG. 51, and then expanded before use at the user
facility to the expanded configuration of FIG. 52. In this way, the size
of the part 100 can be reduced for shipping, storage, and the like,
thereby potentially reducing the shipping costs and storage space
required for the part 100.
[0083] A variety of parts can be manufactured in expandable
configurations, and one or more of the portions of each part can be
provided with slits of various configurations to allow expandability of
different portions of the parts in one or more directions. FIGS. 53-55
illustrate another section 132 of a base sheet 16 that is used to
manufacture another exemplary part 150 having an expandable
configuration. In this case, the section 132 is cut in a configuration
similar to the configuration of the sections 132 described above in
connection with the operations illustrated in FIGS. 38-49. However,
instead of cutting and removing the fourth portion 134d, a plurality of
slits 170 are provided across the first and second portions 134a, 134b of
the section 132 as shown in FIG. 53 so that the first and second portions
134a, 134b can be expanded in length. As illustrated in FIG. 54, the
slits 170 can be cut before the portions 134 are reconfigured. Then,
after the second and third portions 134b, 134c are reoriented, the part
150 can be expanded at a select time to the configuration shown in FIG.
55, i.e., such that the first and second portions 134a, 134b are expanded
together to increase the length of the part 150.
[0084] Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set
forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these
inventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the
foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to
be understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specific
embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are
intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although
specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and
descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
* * * * *
